The Fundamentals of Marketing - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1757 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? FUNDAMENTALS OF MARKETING TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1. Roles of marketing_________________________1 2. Importance of marketing_____________________1 3. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Fundamentals of Marketing" essay for you Create order Shortcoming of product oriented business________2 4. Internal factors that affect marketing decision______2 5. External micro environment factor_______________3 6. External macro environment factor_______________3 1a. Roles of marketing department in 2 degrees. Marketing department plays an important role in an association. Whether organization is big or small marketing department always plays equal role in all aspects. Here are certain roles played by marketing department in 2 degrees. 1. Marketing department guides and leads other departments of the company. Which helps an organization to work in a particular direction so that the goals are achieved? 2. Marketing department also studies target customers and find the best path to reach them. Studying targeted customers is very important so that the product can reach to desired consumers. 3. Marketing department helps in promotion and pricing of the product. These activities are vital like promoting a product so that it can reach to wider customers, pricing that is setting standard price for the product which is affordable for more consumers. 4. the most important of all is after sale services. Feedback from the customers is a must as this helps in innovation of the product further and knowing how well the consumers is responding to the new product. 1b. Importance of marketing at 2 degrees Marketing has certain elements that are important for an organization. Some of these at 2 degrees are as follows. 1. Marketing leads to Product development. This means developing and creating product in new and different manners and also helps to attract more customers and increases sale of the product. 2. Marketing helps in Innovation of product and its life cycle. Innovation means bringing changes in the product and presenting it in the market which attracts consumers. Innovation is very important in a product as consumers want to experience changes in a product, and to retain customer s launching a product in better manner is very important. 1c. Shortcoming of product oriented business Possible shortcoming of a product oriented business is that it fails to provide customer satisfaction. In this case product is always made to maximize profit and pays less attention towards customer satisfaction. It also fails to pose values to customers. In order to get maximum profit they raise the price of the product hence it becomes difficult for everyone to buy the product only few people who can afford the product buys it. At times there are certain schemes on the product that increases its sales and maximizes the profits. 2a. internal factors that affect marketing decision First and foremost internal factor that affects marketing decision is research and development. Marketing decision depends on research and development. To match rise of modern industrial concern research and development is must for an organization. Manufacturing is another internal factor that affects marketing decision. Advance ways of manufacturing a product may change marketing decisions. Another internal factor is an intangible asset that is company image and brand equity in other words goodwill of the organization. If a company has strong market image marketing decision will be taken accordingly but if a company lacks goodwill marketing decision will vary. Cash flow is also one of the internal factors that affect marketing decision. Inflow and outflow of cash helps to know that how much money will be invested in the project. 2b. External Micro environmental factors that affect marketing Decision. Micro-environment means forces that influence company closely. And external micro environmental factor means factors that are outside the company but still affects the working. Example: suppliers, competitors, market intermediaries, customer market etc. 1. Suppliers: supplier is a party that supplies goods and services and suppliers play an important role in marketing decision. Suppliers provide goods and for production of goods and services. They are also treated as partners to provide customer value. 2. Competitors: if a brand does not have monopoly in market it bounds to have competitors it depends on how many competitors one has and how their strategies are are affecting your organization. If your competitors are offering their products at a lower price than yours then your strategy must be planned accordingly. To compete you can stress on quality of the product so that even if your competitors are selling their products at a lower price it should not affect the sales of your product. 3. Market mediators: All producers have their own intermediaries for promoting, distributing, etc to final consumers. They are also known as middle men like agents, retailers etc. 4. Customers: Most important of all are the customers. Taste and preferences of customers matter a lot and their taste and preferences keep on changing with time. Pricing, promoting etc depends on customers. 2c. External macro environmental factors that affect marketing decision 1. Political factors: Business has to abide by laws. Laws depends on the party which is in power. Some of the political factors are: Increasing legislation. Increased emphasis on ethics and social responsibility. 2. Social factors: Social environmental factors refers to culture created by humans. Some of these that are: Change of taste and preferences of consumers. Social customs, beliefs, values. 3. Technological factors: Technological factors refers to changes in technology. New technology creates new market and different opportunities. Replaces existing and old products. 4. Legislation factors: laws which are enacted by legislature or any other government body. Changes in law (heavy duty on cigarette can effect its sales) 2d. Ethical factors which management of Mcdonaldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s needs to consider for marketing decision good step towards ethical factor is that mcdonaldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s has to take care that they should not ill treat the animals and should take care that environment is not getting harmed. And should provide healthy meal to customers and should not mislead the consumers about their product. 2e. Corporate social responsibility An organization needs to be responsible for its actions. Ethically, environmentally, socially. ) corporate social responsibility: Pros: Profitability and Value CSR policy helps in increasing McDonaldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s profitability and value. Mc Donaldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s is successful in cutting operational cost by introduction of energy efficiencies and waste recycling which ultimately benefits the environment. CSR also increases McDonalds accountability and its transparency with investment analysts and the media, shareholders and local communities, which in turn enhances its reputation among customers. Customer Relations A majority of consumers 77 percent of consumers think that companies should be socially responsible, it enhances the selling of products at the organization. Cons: Costs The main disadvantage of CSR is that it is very difficult for small business to adopt csr due to cost constraints. Major corporations can afford to allocate a budget to CSR reporting, but this is not always open to smaller businesses with between 10 and 200 employees. A small business can use social media to communicate its CSR policy to customers and the local community. But it takes time to monitor exchanges and could involve hiring extra personnel that the business may not be able to afford. Therefore it proves to be a heavy burden on small businesses. Green washing Some critics believe that corporate social responsibility can be an exercise in futility. McDonaldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s management should have a fiduciary duty to its shareholders, and CSR directly opposes this. The responsibility of executives of McDonalds to shareholders is to maximize profits. A manager who seeks profits in favor of some benefits to society may expect to lose his job and be replaced by someone for whom profits are a priority. That is why some companies talk about CSR but do nothing about it. This is called green washing. 2(f) Community projects: (a)New Zealand serves a good and nutritious food to the community which is also the part of balanced diet. (b) McDonalds feel happy to work with their employees. Their top priority is to serve balanced food of good quality products and provide information to the individuals. 3(a) Information sources: Internal data, marketing intelligence and marketing research methods that a firm can use to acquire informati on to stimulate and operate its market information system. INTERNAL DATA Electronic collection of consumers and market information gathered from data sources within the company network. It is used to identify marketing opportunities and problems, plan program and evaluate performance, so that a company can make better marketing decisions. Sources: Furthermore data sources are the marketing departments within the company that carry information on customer transactions, demographics, psychographics and buying behaviors. Such as accounting department, customer service department, operations, the sales force, marketing channel partners and harnessing. Marketing intelligence: It is the systematic collection and analysis of publicly available information about competitors and developments in the marketing environment. Sources: The information is gathered by some sources such as company employees, internet, garbage, published information, competitorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s employees, trade shows, benchmarking, channel members and key customers. Company competitors: The company can get good information by observing competitors. It can buy and analyze competitors products, monitor their sale, check new patents, and examine various types of physical evidence. Internet: Internet is providing to be vast new source of competitor-supplied information. Most companies now place volumes of information on their websites, providing details to attract customers, partners, suppliers or franchises. MARKETING RESEARCH: It helps marketers to analyse market potential and market share; understands customer satisfaction and purchase behavior; and measure the effectiveness of pricing, product, and distribution and promotion activities. 3(b) Evaluation criteria: If I am the leader of my team then u will decide to go on vacation at Marlboroughà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s wine country. The reasons behind this are that: Marlborough enjoys high sunshine hours and a temperate climate so that visitors can experience all of Marlboroughà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s diversity through the season. The advantage is that time of the year doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t matter, there is always something going on in Marlborough, New Zealand but Mount Everest has only one kind of temperature that is cold. We can map out your own route: self-drive, travel in style in a chauffeur- driven car or mix your daily exercise with our tasting in a cycle tour. Whichever mode of transport we choose be sure to stop at a winery restaurant along the way. TheMarlborough Soundsare best explored on water, with a range of cruises and activities from a self-guided kayak excursion to sailing on a luxury yacht. Get active by swimming with dolphins, diving or fishing in the Sounds. Hike the length of the Queen Charlotte Track as it winds its way through native forest, along view filled ridges and beside idyllic coves. Even it costs less than Mount Everest because there we have to hire guide to climb it but here we can have only map and enjoy our vacation without any guide.

Human Imperfection Illustrated in Hawthornes The...

It is hard to say that one is human and perfect at the same time. Human beings are not capable of achieving perfection; if that would be so, humans would stop being humans. By nature the human race is full of flaws, some appearing as early as in the womb. From defects in the body, to defects in the mind, to the mistakes that one makes in quotidian life, it is impossible to deny that human imperfection exists. To try to manipulate humans into perfection is not only impossible, but it takes away the very essence of being a human being. The short story â€Å"The Birthmark† by Nathaniel Hawthorn, illustrates this teaching through the character of Aylmer, an ambitious and devoted scientist who is appalled by his wife Georgiana’s birthmark, believing†¦show more content†¦To say that Hawthorn was completely opposed to this belief system is debatable. Nevertheless, the reader can interpret from â€Å"The Birthmark† a hidden theme that shows what seems to be Hawt horn’s true view of the issue. The symbol that Hawthorn uses is the birthmark on Georgiana’s cheek. Georgiana is perhaps the most beautiful woman ever and appears to be perfect in everyway, except for that tiny birthmark on her left cheek. Georgiana is quite content with her beauty mark. Aylmer however, cannot bear the sight of this slight natural imperfection and is very persistent on getting it removed. â€Å"But seeing her otherwise so perfect, he found this one defect grow more and more intolerable with every moment of their united lives† (Hawthorne 607). The birthmark on Georgiana symbolizes her humanity. Although she appears to be entirely â€Å"perfect† this mark reminds her and the people who surround her that she is still only human. The birthmark â€Å"was the fatal flaw of humanity which Nature, in one shape or another, stamps ineffaceably on all her productions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hawthorne 607). Aylmer fails to completely grasp the notion that imperfection is a part of the â€Å"huma n package†, if you will; and that nothing, not even the greatest science can ever change that. The story tells the reader that Georgiana’s birthmark is â€Å"deeply interwoven† (606). This is very important because symbolically it is saying how the birthmark is such a deep and essential part of her being that only aShow MoreRelated Nathaniel Hawthorne: No Ordinary Author Essay3147 Words   |  13 Pagesin little to no variation.   One author, though born into the era of Romanticism dared to expand the possibilities nineteenth - century literature had to offer.   Through works such as Young Goodman Brown, The Ministers Black Veil, and The Birthmark, Nathaniel Hawthorne incorporated Romanticism into his own style.   Including ordinary men, such as Mr. Hooper, Goodman Brown, and Aylmer helped to classify Hawthorne as a semi-Romantic author.   Other Romantic characteristics were found in his

African Americans And Women During The Civil War Essay

As of the mid-19th century and on was when African Americans and women were beginning to gain somewhat equal rights or were still disputing them. It is also well know that both have suffered in vastly different manners, but in some cases are very similar in certain struggles. African American men and women had to survive the terrors of the Ku Klux Klan in the southern states, managing life with the Black Code looming over their every move. They were basically fighting for something that a lot of people take for granted, their right to live as a regular citizen. White women on the other hand had their fair share of discrimination as well, when it came to labor, labor organizations and, equal wages. After the civil war the south was undergoing reconstruction so that the relations between southern and norther citizen would continue as they did before, continued trade and commerce. However the south was not taking their defeat with dignity, â€Å"Black Codes were enacted by the newly re constituted southern state legislature to address the legal status of the freed slaves after the Civil War.†(Shi Mayer â€Å"4†) These Black Codes were basically the south’s attempt to subtly revive a form slavery. If an offence was made by an African American he’d be forced to pay off his offence with labor because it was common that they’d have a lack of funds to pay the fine in the first place. White women in the workforce, did not have to worry about having black codes slapped on their payroll forShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Women During The Civil War1227 Words   |  5 Pages †¢ Is the author s thesis clearly stated? (Restate in your own words) The exceptional rules of war that existed during the Civil War were essential. When it comes to the state of Tennessee, the early â€Å"capture† of the state was of strategically importance for the Union Army. With regards to the experience of African Americans who lived in the state or arrived there during the period of the state’s occupation and Andrew Johnson’s rule, the exceptional character and role of Tennessee turned out toRead MoreAfrican American Women During The Civil War1137 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican American Women In American history there have been many truly extraordinary women. These women range from all different time periods, races and other backgrounds. Over the years women have participate or become involved in multiple different themes including: politics, midwives or physicians, inventors, literary or arts figures, feminists, suffrage or equal rights activist, wealthy women, academics, fighters- physical or metaphorical etc. This paper will exemplify three special women, allRead MoreA Brief Note On The American Civil War1521 Words   |  7 Pages101 19 April 2017 Civil War The American Civil War, that took place from 1861 to 1865, marked one of the most important changes in American history, it was fought between the Union and the Confederate States of America. A total of even southern states that left the Union to form their own country in order to protect the institution of slavery. The Civil War transformed the country’s economy, politics, women, African Americans, along with major breakthroughs in technology. The war increased northernRead MoreThe Civil War : The United States909 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War was one of the most pivotal and significant moments in the history of the United States of America. Therefore, its impact of the Civil War was tremendous, and in many ways has shaped the way the United States has evolved into the present. The Civil War brought lots of beneficial changes to America including economic, agriculture, military, and people’s lives. During the Civil War, women stepped out of their domestic domains to help or support their husbands in the field, or other soldiersRead MoreThe During The 19th Century902 Words   |  4 Pagesthe lives of women and blacks completely. It was an age where the impact of the industrial revolution caused a sharp differentiation between the gender roles, especially of the upper and middle classes. In 19th century, appeared the events such as African American Civil Rights Movement, Civil War, and The Women’s Rights Movement had put women and blacks’ role to a new level. During the Civil War, women stepped out of their domestic domains to support the soldiers. In the meantime, African slaves hadRead MoreA Brief Note On The Civil War And Its Impact On Women s Rights1461 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Civil War and Its Impact on Women’s Rights In 1865, four brutal years of the Civil War ended, and Congress passed three amendments that eliminated slavery, gave citizenship to everyone born in the United States, protected people’s rights to due process, required equal protection under the law, and guaranteed voting rights to all American men. However, African American men were still segregated in terms of housing, work, equal pay, and schooling. Despite this unfair treatment, African AmericanRead MoreThe War On The Home Front1112 Words   |  5 Pageson the home front. Those two events were WWII and the Cold War. Civil rights, the cultural norms, and society at large, had changed greatly during a short amount of time due to these events. The United States was fight a war on two fronts, both at home and overseas. The wars overseas had great influence and impact on the successes that would come over time on the home front. Without these wars and times of trials and tribulations, the civil rights movement and society as a whole, would most likelyRead MorePost World War II: Effects and Changes in America1524 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War II brought several changes to the world and specifically America. It not only changed the world map but also set impact on the behaviours. WWII played a major role in building turning points during different periods. Before WWII, African Americans were not offered equal rights in the community. It was considered an impossible thing that African could ever do a white collar or even a blue collar job. However, soon after the WWII, there came a turning point in the lives of African AmericanRead MoreAfrican Americans During The Civil War1211 Words   |  5 PagesAfter the Civil War, the United States underwent a period of reconstruction. From the time of 1877 to 1890, the US economy grew exponentially, wealthy business owners like Rockefeller and Vanderbilt built American cities and railroads, and immigrants from all over the world flooded into the country. However, during this period America also faced great amount of poverty, terrible working conditions, mass political corruptions, and a destruction of civil rights for African Americans, women, and immigrantsRead MoreWomen During The Civil War Essay1283 Words   |  6 PagesWomen During the Civil War ‘I want something to doÂ… ‘Write a book, Qouth the author of my being. ‘Dont know enough, sir. First live, then write. ‘Try teaching again, suggested my mother. ‘No thank you, maam, ten years of that is enough. ‘Take a husband like my Darby, and fulfill your mission, said sister Joan. ‘Cant afford expensive luxuries, Mrs. Coobiddy. ‘Go nurse the soldiers, said my young brother, Tom. ‘I will! (Harper 14). This is a dialog of Louisa May Alcott with her relatives

Quotes Free Essays

Gambling was so crucial to the economy of certain household that semi- espectable women slept with Jockeys to get closer to † the horse’s mouth. (page 50) – 11. â€Å"Most OndaatJes liked liquor, sometimes to excess. We will write a custom essay sample on Quotes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most of them were hot tempered- though they blamed diabetes for this when ever possible. † (page 57) – This song can represent Michael’s mom Doris Gratian and his dad Mermlyn’s relationship, how in the beginning of their love it was very strong but when merlvyen started drinking their love was cold and crushed and how they ended up separating. This represents how during 1935 women wanted to get married and would fight to get the best men, and would do anything to get him. This quote means that since the horses were used for military purposes. But the races conflicted with it because every one wanted to own a horse and affected the economy. Horses were used tor gambling and they were being mistreated everyone would want too see the recesses and did not change the date of the races s for anything because it was so important for everyone. After they had put in all their money and realized hey had lost they would start leavening like ants so they wouldn’t be seen as losers. This quote explains how valuable the horses were and how people put all their money into the horses. They would even sleep next to them to protect the horses. People would put in money so they can own at least a leg. The Ondaatje family would drink and blame it on diabetes to make an excuse. And to make it seem like it was Just in their blood. 12. â€Å"God loves a drunk. † (page 59)- â€Å"Reading torn 100-year-old newspaper clippings that come apart in your hands like et sand, information tough as plastic dolls. (page 69) â€Å"There is a myth that if a child is given thalagoya tongue to eat he will become brillianty articulate,†¦ † (page 73) â€Å"The Sinhalese are beyond a doubt one of the least musical people in the world. It would be quite impossible to have less sense of pitch, line, or rhythm. † ( page 76) â€Å"Ceylon is an experience-but heavens, not a permanence. † (page 78) â€Å"All Jungles are evil. † (page 78) â€Å"Sweat runs with its own tangible life down a body as if a giant egg has been broken nto our shoulders. (page 79) â€Å"Heat disgraces foreigners. † (page 80) â€Å"A perfumed sea. How to cite Quotes, Papers

Why It Is Important to Reduce Emissions Caused by Carbon Dioxide free essay sample

Australia is considered to be the driest populated continent in the world and faces stern drought and water shortages. Reducing carbon emissions is challenging for Australia, although the Government realizes that meeting this challenge is important and commits to reducing the level of pollution caused by greenhouse gases in Australia, and voluntarily preparing for an altered climate in the near  future. The Hon. Greg Combet (Assistant Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency) stated in his speech that, â€Å"Australia is already the driest inhabited continent on earth, and is heavily exposed to the impacts of climate change and faces huge environmental and economic costs from climate change impacts including on water security, agriculture, energy supply, health, coastal communities and infrastructure† (The Hon. Greg Combet AM, 2010). 1. M. Harris: Analysis on Environmental Effects The discount rate is used as a measure to determine future costs and benefits from climate change. However, according to M. We will write a custom essay sample on Why It Is Important to Reduce Emissions Caused by Carbon Dioxide or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Harris, there is uncertainty when using this method. He states that other methods that include ecological as well as economic costs and benefits should be chosen. M. Harris examined two studies, one by William Nordhaus and other by Cline. William Nordhaus said that the most favorable policy would be a minute reduction in greenhouse gas emission lower than recent estimations. Whereas, Cline focused on long-term effects and used a low discount rate of 1. 5% to level present and future cost. From these studies, M. Harris concluded, â€Å"Even though costs of aggressive action appeared higher than benefits for several decades, the high potential long-term damages sway the balance in favor of aggressive action today†. Furthermore, M. Harris argued that stabilization of the global climate should be the target and not economic optimization of costs and benefits. According to M. Harris, the present rate of emissions from carbon dioxide and other gases will carry on to gather in the atmosphere. Also, in order to stabilize the gathering of greenhouse gases, it would require a major cut below current emission levels. If actions are taken to prevent global climate change from happening, this will have an impact on the economy (M. Harris, 2002). GDP, consumption and employment will be affected and the government will take strict measures to lower emissions of carbon dioxide (M. Harris, 2002). 2. Policy tools Policies and plans are required to reduce carbon emissions in the coming centuries. These policies and plans can assist to deploy climate friendly energy production and use of technologies. There include tradable permits, carbon taxes, education and training, use of new technologies and research and development. The realization of the severe effects of carbon emissions, happening due to the burning of fossil fuels, has led to the suggestion for non-market mechanisms such as regulation and market mechanisms such as tradable emissions permits and carbon taxes, to lower emissions (Cornwell. Antonia, 1996). In terms of efficiency, market methods are usually preferred and carbon tax is said to be the easiest policy to implement and monitor (Cornwell. Antonia, 1996). 2. 1Policy tools: Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme The emission trading scheme, or ‘Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme’, is a cap and trade system. A company purchases a permit from the government and only then they can emit greenhouse gases. The government caps the level of emissions by limiting the amount of permits obtainable. The plan of the government is to reduce the stock of permits little by little each year- boosting the competition for permits and pricing them at a higher rate eventually. (Anonymous, 2008). The Australian Government has set long term and medium term targets to reduce emissions. The Government aims to reduce emissions to 60% lower than 2000 levels by 2050, and its medium term target ranges between 5 and 15% below 2000 levels by 2020. According to the government, Australia needs to reach an universal agreement so that atmospheric contents of greenhouse gases can be stabilized at around 450 parts per million of CO2E (Carbon Dioxide Equivalent). The government has realized that to achieve this global commitment with such action is going to be challenging in the future. The medium term targets set by Australia are quite similar to that of many other countries that have announced their targets. For example: the European Union (Pope, 2009). The working of the ETS is mainly based on emitters of any six greenhouse gases who acquire a permit for each tonne of gas they emit. There is monitoring, reporting and auditing done on the total amount of emissions the industries produce. During the end of every financial year, each firm surrenders a permit for each tonne of emissions they produced during that year. Limited amounts of permits are issued by the Government every year and entities compete to buy the amount of permits they need. The permits are mostly auctioned or traded in the secondary market and firms who consider the permits of high value pay a lot for them. Reducing emissions than buying permits is a convenient choice for smaller firms. Few other firms are allocated free permits, as a transitional assistance measure. These firms either use or sell the permits (Pope, 2009). The carbon pollution permits will be auctioned by the Government during the second year of action (2012-13). More ever, the government believes that an efficient way of assigning permits is by auction because only those who highly rate them will purchase it. Even then, some of the permits will be administratively allocated, so that transitional difficulties can be looked at. All the money raised from this scheme will be used to support households and businesses for adjusting to the scheme and to invest in clean energy resources (Pope, 2009). Furthermore, the government will arrange assistance for emissions-intensive trade-exposed industries to lower the risk because of the relocation of their industries to offshore places due to competition from countries that don’t poses carbon constraints and deliver general transitional service towards a carbon constrained economy. Assistance will also be given to emissions-intensive coal-fired electricity sector. The target is mainly on emissions-intensive generators as it is not possible for them to pass on the whole costs of the permits they purchase (Pope, 2009). The CPRS, carried out by the Australian Government is mainly revenue-neutral, and all the revenue generated will be used for lower and middle income households (mostly through transfer payments as an alternative to tax reductions) and businesses compensation, and stimulate behavioral change towards less carbon polluting goods and services, and output technologies, appropriately. The CPRS unfortunately is not tax neutral during a short period. Pope, 2009) 2. 2 Policy tools: Carbon Tax A carbon tax is a particular tax charged on an individual unit of carbon dioxide, or carbon equivalent of different other greenhouse gases, emitted into the earths atmosphere. The tax is usually charged at a price per tonne e. g. , $20/tonne CO2. On the other hand, with emission trading, the main point of a carbon tax is to create a cost penalty on g reen house emissions. In order to reduce emissions, the introduction of a cost penalty may be one of the set preferences (Brian Dawson, 2009). Economists usually assert that a tax on the carbon content of fossil fuels as a means of obtaining the low cost emission reductions across all fossil carbon resources. The tax can lower carbon dioxide emissions in two ways: It stimulates dynamic use of energy, and encourages the growth of zero-emission technologies by raising fossil fuel prices. This type of tax, steams up the change in consumption from coal and oil to other better burning fuels due to fluctuation of prices between fuels. Muller, 1996) There are benefits gained from a carbon tax. Firstly, this policy of imposing tax is frequently used and can be adopted through the present administration systems. Secondly, policymakers find the foreseeable economic impact of a tax very captivating. Lastly, tax incomes can provide capital for low income households vulnerable to high energy prices, adjustment assistance for fossil fuel production communities, and growth of lower emission technologies and infrastructure (Muller, 1996). In application, then, a carbon tax can be accepted as one tool in a climate change policy kit that includes voluntary agreements, efficiency standards, technology-promoting policies, infrastructure investments, land use policies, and other measures (Muller, 1996). 2. 3 Policy tools: Ramp;D, Technologies, Energy Production Australia’s support for research and development on carbon capture and storage from burning of fossil fuel is growing day by day. By expanding the commitment to increase funding for research and development and salability f low emissions technologies in which Australia has a national interest and conditional advantage has a logical place in the healing process. The increase of Australia’s effort on the latest technologies would grant Australia an important part to play in changes towards the required global commitments (Jubb, 2010). Policy tools can assist further technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through alterations in the energy product ion sector and encouraging increased efficiency in energy use, thus transitioning to a lower carbon-intensive energy sector. Energy Production: There are many ways to reduce mission from energy production sector. Fuel source can be switched from coal to oil gas, increasing power plant efficiency, improving transmission, CO2 capture and storage, increasing the use of renewable energy technologies and nuclear power (Chopra, 2005). 3. Steps taken by the Commonwealth to reduce emissions Australian Greenhouse Office: Aimed to provide a whole-of-government approach to greenhouse matters, and to distribute the Commonwealth government’s $180 million climate change package (Australia, 2001). The AGO also directs the Commonwealth’s contribution to the 1998 National Greenhouse Strategy and is responsible for delivery of the Commonwealth government’s $796 million ‘Measures for a better environment’ package (Australia, 2001). National Carbon Accounting System: Established by the Australian Government to precisely review the contributors that land-based activities make to green house gas sources and sinks (Australia, 2001). The main components of the NCAS are land clearing, land use and management, biomass estimation and soil-carbon estimation. Transport emissions: The commonwealth government looks at reducing greenhouse emissions from road transport through programs such as, the Environmental Strategy for the Motor Vehicle Industry, the broader National Greenhouse Strategy and measures to support and promote the increased use of alternative fuels (Australia, 2001). National Greenhouse Strategy (AGO1998): This strategy supplied the structure for Australia’s greenhouse response and is basically the primary means by which International commitments will be met (Australia, 2001). The strategy provides the foundation of actions to be adopted by the governments, industry and the community. There are 3 main topics that were discussed: * Developing awareness and knowledge of greenhouse issues; * Reducing the increase of greenhouse emissions and improving Australia’s greenhouse sinks; * Creating methods to cope with likely climate changes. Greenhouse Challenge Program (1995): A voluntary program which engages in cooperation with Australian industry to lower greenhouse emissions (Australia, 2001). The reductions mostly are from developments in energy and process efficiency. More than 500 firms have participated in this program and commit to reduce greenhouse emissions (Australia, 2001). Fugitive emissions: These are a by-product of industries. For example, loss of gas from pipelines and the evaporation of petrol from motor vehicles. Fugitive emissions are regulated, so that industries provide repairs to leaks and check fugitive emissions. 4. Costs of reducing greenhouse gas emissions When alleviating climate change, there are lots of costs involved. The series of these costs totally depends on the types of policies and methods used to reduce emissions. Economists suggest that the costs of reducing emissions are much less when incentive based policies are implemented (Toman, 2001): For example, emission taxes and tradable emissions permit than under more straight regulations. Toman, 2001, suggested when taxes are imposed on income, employment level goes down and the demand for labor will fall because employers cannot meet the demand of workers, which is higher wages due to high tax incurred by the company. Furthermore, due to tax, employees will not get to enjoy most of their income (Toman, 2001) and this will discourage people from joining the workforce. Taxes on the income from capital lead to â€Å"too much† current consumption and â€Å"too little† investment and savings† (Toman, 2001). Likewise, certain regulations that raise producers output cost also lower employment opportunities and investment in the economy and these add to the alterations created by the tax policies (Toman, 2001): For example, when a t ax in levied on the carbon content of fossil fuels drives up the electricity and gasoline production costs of entities, this leads to a slight fall in the whole level of economic activity and job opportunities. According to (Chopra, 2005), the predicted osts from climate change might have a little impact on world’s GDP: For example, percentage decreases in global average GDP over the subsequent 100 years for stimulation at 450 parts per million varies from about 0. 02% to 0. 1% each year, in comparison to yearly GDP growth averages rates of 2-3% each year. The Australian Government estimated using MEGABARE (climate change economic model which analyze the economic effect of greenhouse gas emission policy) that satisfying emission targets would severely damage the economy (Alexander Gillespie, 2000). From this model, the Government has identified high costs from the reduction of emissions. For example, they declare that: * The wages in Australia will be reduced by 20% compared to the normal levels by 2020; * GDP will fall by 2% during 2020; * There will be a decline of $9000 in the savings accounts of each Australian; * Thousands of jobs will be lost; * Each Australian would incur 22 times more economic cost when compared to each European 5. Summary This research essay explains why it is important to reduce emissions caused by carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases and avoid the costs originated by them in the near future. Australia is severely impacted by global climate change.

Bbc Internal Analysis Essay Example

Bbc Internal Analysis Essay Example Bbc Internal Analysis Essay Bbc Internal Analysis Essay Internal analysis SWOT analysis the strengths weakness, opportunities and weakness of a firm. The strength and weakness form the internal analysis whereas the opportunities and weakness form the external analysis. Strengths Strong financial Position BBC’s financial statements for the year 2009-2010 show an availability of ? 478 million and profits of ? 145 millions (BBC 2010). In relative terms BBC has been able to reduce its total costs by 40% from the levels of the year 2000 (BBC 2010). Within first two years of its efficiency plan a savings of ? 533 m has been achieved and is on target to achieve the target savings of almost ? 2billion (BBC 2010). Its total dividends for the year 2009/2010 were ? 74m an increase of ? 5m from the last year a significant achievement considering the global credit crunch in the modern day times (BBC 2010). http://downloads. bbc. co. uk/annualreport/pdf/bbc_ar_online_2009_10. pdf Strong Brand Name and reputation among customers BBC is the largest broadcaster in the world. ( edianewsline. com/news/151/ARTICLE/4930/2009-08-13. html). The strong presence of the brand in the minds of the people can be judged from the figures during major events when the public trusts the news given by BBC over its competitors ( medianewsline. com/news/151/ARTICLE/4930/2009-08-13. html) The financial statements show the BBC has net liabilities. In fact, the BBC has net assets of ? 1. 1billion, excluding the pension scheme deficit of ? 1. 6billion. The defici t represents a long- term liability(bbc 2010). Transmission services and many of other services are outsourced so that to bring some value for money. The net liabilities of ? 532million as at 31 March 2010 . BBC has been exempt from paying any corporation tax or any excess licence fee income as well as the grants which they get from any government departments. On the other hand BBC is answerable to pay corporation tax on capital gains plus it’s every external income. Capital asset expenditure is not entitled on capital allowance that may rise in small differences which lead towards overdue tax assets and liability. The BBC (UK Public Service Broadcasting, BBC World Service and BBC Monitoring) is not liable to corporation tax on any surplus licence fee income or grants received from Government departments. However, it is fully liable for corporation tax on capital gains and on all its other external income. Expenditure on capital assets is not eligible for capital allowances giving rise to temporary differences that would lead to deferred tax assets or liabilities.

The Dental Application Essay Process

The Dental Application Essay Process Throughout previous pages of this website, I have discussed the benefits of organizing your thoughts before writing your dental application essay. I have also gone over tips and ideas for writing such papers, as well as suggestions for making them stand apart from the rest. In essence, I have given you most of what you need to do in order to submit a stellar composition. Now, I would like to offer some suggestions on how to take care of yourself during the process. Being good to yourself is of paramount importance when writing graduate school admissions essays. As the author, the second that your state of mind starts to deteriorate, your written work does so as well. Therefore, in order to keep your mind and body functioning during the admissions essay writing process you must make sure you get adequate rest and nourishment. Something that I recommend to anyone writing a dental application composition is to take frequent breaks. Regardless of how badly you want to get the process over with, you absolutely must take breaks to keep your mind and body sharp. Not taking breaks will result in frustration, poor writing, and a pitiful final product. Another thing I recommend is to set aside specific time frames for writing your dental application essay. Give yourself a starting point and a breaking point and do not deviate from either one. If you can will yourself to work on your paper for one hour each day for two weeks (rather than twelve hours in one day), I guarantee your diligence will result in a stellar paper.

Writer's choice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Writer's choice - Assignment Example On day one, just after writing down my values, I remained determined to living by them to the latter. Most of my action were controlled by them as I frequently reflected on them whenever I engaged in any activity or interacted with colleagues and/or family members. For instance, I have been cautious not to hurt or cause any sort of discomfort to others as I interacted with them. I even let go a friend who deliberately splashed dirt on my just polished shoes. This was unlike the former me who would have reacted violently. Similarly, I have been keen in arriving for lectures in time and diligently perform all tasks that appertains to my academics. I would even consult colleagues and teachers on matters that I felt I needed further clarification. Essentially, I have been upbeat to attain the above mentioned themes. My stretch experience connects significantly to acceptance, which is one of the other core principles of ACT aside from values. Acceptance involves allowing or rather embracing the unpleasant thought in one minds until that moment when they fade away without any attempt to fight them off. Handling such thought in this manner helps minimize their negative impact on one’s life as they give a feeling that they are less threatening. It may also be seem that acceptance is just but a means to enhance a value based lifestyle (Bach and Daniel 43). In the course of my stretch, this principle has been critical in so far my interaction with the other colleagues is concerned. I have been such a person who is reserved that I detested other people from meddling into my affairs. Said in other words, I disliked those colleagues who poke their noses in what does not concern them. This behavior frustrated my relationship with classmates as I often felt that none of them wants the best for me. Nonetheless, my moment in stretch has serve to make me embrace the negative attitude towards my colleagues whenever it boggles my mind and

Research Proposal on Employee Motivation Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Proposal on Employee Motivation - Research Paper Example As a result of which, the level of commitment and motivation of the employees are reducing day by day that may hinder their level of performance and efficiency as well. Apart from this, the level of interpersonal relationship among the employees of organization of DDLLC is also quite poor and this also act as one of the major causes for the reduction of employee motivation. However, if such a situation continuous then, the organizational productivity and position in the market might get reduced due to lack of employee commitment and motivation as compared to other existing rival players. Thus, in order to improve the competitiveness and loyalty of the organization of DDLLC, it might try to maintain a participative culture and friendly environment so as to amplify the motivation of the employees (McClelland, 2008). Swart & et. al. (2012) describes that human resource is the prime requirement of an organization in this age. This is because; it’s the human resource that helps an organization to amplify its prosperity and brand image in the market among others. Moreover, it’s the human resource or the employees that helps in developing varied types of inventive products and services as per the changing demands so as to enhance the demand and reliability of the customers to a significant extent. However, in order to achieve such a popular position and image in the market, the management needs to offer more concentration over the desires and motives of the employees (Swart & et. al. 2012). Apart from this, the management of the organization might also try to maintain a participative environment in which, each and every employee might get full freedom to present their desires and wishes. This might prove effective for the employee to enhance their inner morale and self esteem. However, due to improvement of the self-esteem, the inner morale and motivation of the employees might get enhanced resulting in amplification of their

The Odyssey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Odyssey - Essay Example The second stage is "a road of trials". For Odyssey, his journey consists of: love of Calypso and building of a ship to escape; trials with the Cyclops and the Phaeacian princess, love with Circe and journey into Hades, and battle with Scylla. The third stage is "achieving the goal or "boon". It means new world perception and views created during the journey. Odyssey understands that faith is the foundation of morality which cannot be removed by new impressions and temptation. He feels that, as morality is created by God, those who reject faith are in turn rejecting individualistic way of life. The forth stage is "a return to the ordinary world". From the very beginning Odyssey fails this trial, because nobody recognized him but his old nurse, Eurycleia. Penelope suspects that it could be her husband and organized a competition won by Odyssey. She promises to marry a winner, when Odyssey won this contest they reunite. The fifth stage includes "application of the boon". At the end, Od yssey visits his father and stops vendetta. His father kills Antinous's father and peace is maintained. In sum, The Odyssey displays the many qualities that archetypal heroes had in common.

My Unforgettable Days in my Life

My Unforgettable Days in my Life The days which I cant forget in life are my school days. The School in which I studied was SSV East Tambaram. The days were sweet and pleasant and I used to wish that night should not come through my life, because I wanted to stay in school but the nature didnt allow me. I studied there till I entered my graduation course. Let me share some of my sweet memories. One fine Morning, my parents took me into the school campus while I was holding their hands tightly as if I was about to go into a lions mouth. I still remember that I was screaming like anything when my parents left me in the hands of my teacher. I was made to sit along with other children and they too were crying loudly by seeing them I cried even more. Like that the whole day went on with full of tears all around the classroom. After one week I was used to it and I made my first friends. All my kinder garden classes were finished with some of the basics in my mind which is still helping me around my life. When I was in class 3 a boy came into our class, and there were some boys who were bullies of the class at that time. When he came those boys went over him and they teased him to the core and I went over and scolded them, from that time the class admired me, those boys went to their places and we both became friends and I had no idea why I scolded those boys in favour of the new comer. But some magic went through our hearts and we are still friends including those boys who teased him. My school campus had a very small area for playing, I am sure that no other campus will provide their students like ours. Our playground had an area about 2000sq.ft.In that 500sq.ft was used by the drivers for parking. There was only one hour in a week for playing, on that occasion also there were 2 to 3 other classes of children used to come and occupy the ground. Even though the number was large for playing we used to play all the games including cricket and football. The greatest thing while playing was if we hit the ball slightly above in the air means it will go into the next house. So, we had to ask them and get the ball. In the mean time the master will come and say your time is over get back to your classes. Many a times we go back to class at a speed in which we came. Even though it had a small area we used to enjoy the hour and will be eagerly waiting for next week to come. Till class 5th I used to write in pencils it was very difficult for me to use that because every time when we do mistakes we have rub it off and if the pencil was not sharp we had to use sharpeners, I hated using them. Then, at last came my day when we entered into class 6th I was given the permission to use pen. It was much better to use, the words were clear and the things which I wrote were catchy and added beauty to the words. Then after two years came another surprise it was all of us came into the school wearing trousers and girls came in churidar. That day was exciting and wonderful because before we used wear shorts which was funny, because some boys will be bulky that it wont suit them. But each and every year apart from birthdays everyone in campus will be allowed to wear causals on November 14th on behalf of Jawaharlal Nehrus birthday. The campus looked colourful and all faces will be glittering like stars as if we have achieved some great thing. On that occasion the class es will be decorated with flowers, colour papers and balloons all around and will have no classes on that single day. All the students will be engaged in some plays and rest will be enjoying watching the programmes. The days were moving in a rocket speed, and the day came when we were about to get separated. In our school there was a procedure followed when the students came to 9th.They used to shuffle all the students based upon the results of 8th .On that day all the students will have to stay in the auditorium and they will call out the names and accordingly we move to our respective classes. All the students will be sad and the faces look dull because the friends with whom we were up to 8th are getting separated. I too was feeling sad for a week and then I became normal. After completing 9th all the students became serious and studious than before because we were in class 10th.Usually all other schools during these periods use to keep special classes and will conduct regular test to make them strong to face the board exam, but my school didnt do such things. We were let free and no special classes were there and had a midterm test for a month. But the students in my class were busy in studies. But I didnt take it much seriously I was what I was before. The days passed on and my first board exam came my way. Our school belonged to Shankaracharya who is famous in the Hindu religion. They used to give blessings before we take our exams. I dont know how much it worked on me. I was very nervous during study holidays, and they too passed on and the day came for me to take my exams. On the first exam I was nervous, after that I was normal, took the exams very easily than the exams taken in the school. After my exams were over I was on a long leave for about 3months, it was the longest leave that I had got in my school days. Our school used to give the groups before the results came on the basis of the performance in the school exams. I got the group before the exam results. Then came the result and it was ok. I was not bothering about the result because I got the group which I needed. The real world of happiness came to me when I entered into my 11th.After three months of gap I was into the campus and when I entered into the class all of them were new faces hardly 3boys were known to me. It was the class where all the studious guys were placed, I was shocked why I have been to this class and tears were there in my eyes by seeing them. All used to talk about studies and I used to watch their mouths. Like that one week went on, and then one teacher came to our class and said that this class has more students when compared to the other class of similar groups. She told that 3 of them should go to next class, I quickly stood up and told I was willing and thank god I was out of that class finally .When I went to the next class I saw all my friends and I mingled with them and there from my happiness started. In every school they used to say that 11th is used for enjoying since we have been working hard for last one year and to work hard for the coming year. It was a year to relax and to enjoy the school days. Each and every day my enjoyment kept on increasing. I made new friends and formed a team of 12 members from various groups. Every morning we use to assemble, enjoy cracking silly jokes which still remain in my heart. During those days I was involved in many sports activities. Our school was famous for a game named kho-kho in our zone. The students of our school were recognised by this game from the day our school was started. I was very much attached to that game and I enjoyed it a lot. We used to practice in the evening after the school hours. Our past passed out school seniors will come daily and we used to play and practice daily for the interschool competition. But this game is not internationally recognised, but its a game where one can gain stamina and improve his speed. The duration of the game was about 30 minutes but each and every second was interesting. We use to win all the games in our zone and we were the champions for many years. Our School had many cultural programmes and I used to participate every year. We used to form a group of members and used to do some innovative things. I still remember we did a mime program with paint all over our body and were standing like statues in different positions and it was the best show ever done in our school days and we use to dance in some functions. In most of the functions we used to do mischief and get scolding from our principal. After every function gets over the next working day our principal will make our group to stand in the auditorium for the whole day but they will allow us in the break to have lunch. It was very interesting to stand in front of all others. Everyone who passes will laugh at us and we loved those moments. In every year we will be waiting for the sports day to come because during those days we will be practicing march-past with group captains of every house leading in the front. And during my 11th I was the sports secretary for my school. I used to light the lamp. That time I was on the top of the world. During sports Day everyone used to wear school uniform but I used to wear jerseys and will instruct all the students. Everyone will be looking at me and they will announce in the mike that so and so student has achieved in the field of sports. Like that I was enjoying each and every moment in my higher secondary. My experience in 12th was also very interesting as I was thinking of college. During those days many test were conducted and we were not allowed to play any sports. We were made to concentrate on our studies. Usually our school used to get the top rank among other schools in our zone. In my batch one student bagged the top mark among all other schools. The staffs who took our subjects were fabulous and they thought us in such a way that we were able to implement in our college studies also. That year too went on nicely but the only thing which I didnt experience was farewell, due to our seniors misbehaviour. But that was not a problem for we used to enjoy every day with full spirit and had no hard feelings for not having it. Finally the date came when we were about to take our exams which was going to decide our career and on other side was going to miss our friends who I loved more than anything. As days past the exam also came to an end, and the last exam was maths and still remember I was very emotional when all of us finished our exams and went back home. Thus, the school days of my life still remains like a scar in my heart which is not going to die till years. I feel that everyone will be happy enjoying the school days more than any other event that comes through their life.

Good Usage and Good Judgement Essays -- Teaching Writing Education Ess

Good Usage and Good Judgement You are in charge of hiring one person for a business and you have in front of you 1,000 applications. How do you go about choosing the right person for the job? It is impractical to call all 1,000 people in for an interview in order to get a better idea of the type of worker they might be. First things first, you look through the applications. If one of the applications has a mis-spelled word- in the circular file it goes. That's life. If you don't care enough about this job to spell things correctly, then you don't have what it takes for the job. According to some of our "experts" on good usage, this is considered lazy. That is nonsense. When confronted with this great task, efficiency is the key. You are not necessarily looking for the best person for the job. You are looking for your idea of the best person for the job. So what if it's unfair. That's life. Anyone who disagrees with this assessment already has a job. You can afford to be high and mighty when you aren't the one making the decisions or under a time crunch. We brought up the example of a person misspelling coffee on an application. The manager decided that this person was not going to be hired. The point was made that spelling has nothing to do with the ability of the applicant to serve coffee. This point may be correct in an ideal world. But imagine that you were the owner of the coffee shop and your profits depended on the competency of the people you hired. Without having prior knowledge of the caliber of the worker, are you going to hire this person? Of course not. You are going to hire someone who has presented themselves, through language, as someone worthy of the job. In the employment world, language is our appeara... ...uck. You file the thought away and wait to make that decision when your head has cleared. You've had a rough day. How can anyone come up with a clear-cut decision on good usage when you are constantly forced to change it? If you don't change your usage, you won't be conforming to the normal framework of what is appropriate in a given situation. But what is the "normal framework?" If there was only a "god of good usage" in the sky, you could consult him/her and find out what is appropriate. Maybe this god could be an English professor. You realize this would be impossible- they can't seem to agree on the issue of good usage either. You resolve to just use your best judgement considering the circumstances with which you are presented. You don't have any more time to ponder on the point anyway. You've got another stack of applications waiting for you in the morning.

Vagueness, Ambiguity and clarity in writing

Vagueness, Ambiguity, and Clarity In Writing Coastland Bullock June 29, 2014 CRT. 205 In example three, the ambiguity causes this statement to have a lot of vagueness. When dealing with a situation such as collecting money for a project, all details should be clearly and factually stated first. The first thing said Is, next Sunday; along with this should be a date.Also, when It says the collection will help with the cost I feel that the cost should be stated as well so that a goal can be set for the group as a whole. The rest of the statement is even more vague because all details of the project otherwise they may not be as willing to donate as much. Lastly, the end of the second sentence says to let the committee know if you would like to do something but they do not mention which committee is in charge of the project.Being able to understand this example is not very difficult because its kind of common sense what they are getting at but it is a little hard understand all the detail s so therefore they may be less likely to get more help with the project. With these types of announcements, thinking critically in order to be clear in your writing is a vital aspect o incorporate into our work. Thinking deeply into whatever we are doing is important so that the result is clear and on point.In example four, the entire statement is vague and unclear of what conclusion or point is trying to be made. I understood from reading it that they obviously agreed with what they read at first but as they continued to read they found out more, this type of writing makes this paragraph ambiguous. At first the reader agrees with what is being stated but after reading on, they become indecisive causing failure to make a choice. Never once was any information stated that said who, where, when, why, or what they were talking about.The example uses words such as they, both, sort of, the author, something, and anything. Using these types of words and phrases will automatically make an y writing or conversation vague and ambiguous. These two downfalls in writing influence understanding by not allowing the reader to know what is trying to be proved or concluded in the writing. This paragraph is not an example of clear writing because the writer was obviously not aware that whoever might read it may not know what or who they were talking about due to no details in the statement.